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Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Abilities and Emotional Regulation

Sleep deprivation has been reported to be associated with impaired decision-making ability (9), increased impulsivity (37) and risk-taking when there is a chance of financial gain (32, 34). Research has shown that impaired cognitive ability increases with sleep deprivation (38). Emotional regulation has also been shown to be greatly affected by sleep deprivation. In fact, sleep deprivation has been found to have a greater effect on emotions and mood than on cognitive abilities (33). A meta-analysis exploring the effects of sleep deprivation found that participants experienced significant changes in self-reported emotions while sleep-deprived (33). Various levels of sleep deprivation are associated with a decrease in self-reported positive emotions and increase in self-reported negative emotions (39–41), as well as an alteration in the individual's ability to regulate emotions (40, 42). These emotional changes that are associated with sleep deprivation may be explained by a decrease in the threshold of emotional activation (39).

Even though research findings have shown adverse effects of sleep deprivation on critical functioning abilities (9, 32, 34, 37, 39–42), most of these effects are investigated in controlled laboratory studies providing very little ecological validity. Consequently, these results do not allow researchers to measure the impacts of sleep deprivation on participants' daily activities. Furthermore, the results highlighting the effect of sleep deprivation on risk-taking behaviors are derived from studies where the tasks are initially unknown to participants and from samples where the participants are not necessarily experienced in risk-taking activities such as poker. Considering these facts, it seems appropriate to explore how sleep deprivation affect gambling behaviors and daily functioning in OP players.

Tilt in Online Poker

Tilt can occur because of events that may or may not be poker-related (28). For example, a tilt episode may occur following a bad hand, a loss of a large bet when the odds of winning were favorable, or as a result of intimidation by other players. Inattention, fatigue, lack of concentration, stress, drug or alcohol use may contribute to the occurrence of tilt episodes (26, 28). Emotional regulation strategies appear to be effective in preventing tilt episodes and are often used by more experienced players (26, 29). These strategies can include becoming aware of and accepting the emotions associated with the tilt episode or even momentarily leaving the game to cool down (26, 30). Tilt is known for its effects on game strategy. For example, amongst others, tilt episodes may provoke a gambler to play the game in a more aggressive manner than they would have initially (28). Tilt can lead to impaired decision-making, the illusion of control, increased risk-taking, increase the likelihood for impulsive behavior, and make it difficult for the player to stop gambling (26–29). The loss of control over gambling behaviors through tilt is associated with negative financial consequences. Indeed, tilt is believed to result in player's being less responsible when it comes to bankroll management (28, 31).

Tilt can destabilize the player and require the gambler to employ emotional regulation strategies to prevent or limit its consequences (26). A multitude of factors can cause tilt including fatigue and a lack of concentration (28). This can impair the player's ability to make optimal decisions leading to poor game sequences (26, 28). However, tilt is not the only factor that may affect the gambler during an OP game. Numerous studies have linked sleep deprivation to impaired decision-making and a reduced ability to regulate emotions (9, 22, 32–34). Sleep deprivation can be defined as an extension of an individual's wakefulness period that adversely affects their physical and psychological abilities (35). Contrary to popular belief, it is not necessary to be awake for 24 h or more to experience the negative effects of sleep deprivation. In fact, Van Dongen and colleagues (36) observed a decrease in neurobehavioral abilities after 15.84 h of wakefulness (SD = 0.73), although this period varies from one individual to another.

cooste

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    Re: pound denomination poker chips

    « Reply #6 on: March 05, 2010, 16:32:18 PM »

    Try these ones no £ or $ signs, just numbered.http://www.thesportshq.com/cq-poker-500-high-roller-numbered-poker-chips.aspx

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    Objectives and Hypotheses

    The main objective of this study is to determine whether SDpr produces a favorable context for tilt and worsen gambling behaviors among regular OP players within an ecological study design. It is expected that higher tilt scores (total score, emotional and behavioral factor and cognitive factor) and greater net losses will be observed for sessions played in SDpr compared to sessions played while NSDpr. The secondary objective is to test whether an OP session played 2 h before bedtime results in poorer sleep quality. It is expected that a later bedtime, a longer sleep-onset latency, a shorter total sleep time, a lower sleep efficiency, and a decreased feeling of rest the next day will be observed when a session is played 2 h before bedtime compared to when no session is played 2 h before bedtime.

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      Clinical Implications

      The results of this study have clinical implications for public health and health professionals. Poker players should be informed that their sleeping habits have repercussions on tilt symptoms and loss of control while gambling, especially if they use alcohol. Playing poker while sleep deprived could have lingering effects on various spheres of their lives. Working on changing harmful sleep habits should be one of the goals of therapy for poker players who gamble at night.

      5. Miss Trunchball’s House Is The Hocus Pocus House

      The building used for Miss Trunchbull’s home Fair Oaks Rank or “Crank House” in Altadena, California. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 for it’s association with early settlers in Altadena. The house has been used by many film production companies including Matilda as well as Hocus Pocus (Allison’s House), Scream 2 (Omega Beta Zeta’s Sorority House), and in Catch Me If You Can (Roger’s House).

      The exterior of Matilda’s house can be found on Youngwood Drive in Whittier, Los Angeles County, California.

      The public library which Matilda walks to daily in her childhood was filmed at the Pasadena Public Library on East Walnut Street, Pasadena.

      Conditions Specific to Casino Games

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        Betfair Casino Limited and PPB Entertainment Limited provide the platform on our Website via which you can play the Games that we may provide from time to time under the ‘Casino’ tabs and any other similar Games that we make available to you from time to time on any Betfair site (the “Casino Games”). For customers in the UK, the Casino Games are provided by PPB Entertainment Limited or Betfair Casino Limited, depending on the particular Casino Game in question. For customers based in any other territory, the Casino Games are provided by Betfair Casino Limited.

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    • 10. A New Matilda Film Is Set To Be Released In 2022

      The story of Matilda has been immortalised on Broadway and on the West End with an award winning musical. In December 2022, there is set to be a film version of Matilda The Musical directed by Matthew Warchus and starring Stephen Graham, Emma Thompson and Andrea Riseborough.

      Participants

      Players were recruited through advertisements on forums, websites, and Facebook pages dedicated to OP. An e-mail invitation to participate in the study was also sent to Université Laval employees' and students' as well as to a list of volunteers from our center. Participants were included if they: (a) played OP at least once a week while sleep deprived (≥16 h between awakening and the end of the gambling session), (b) played OP with money on average twice a week for at least 1 month, (c) primarily played on an OP platform that allows hands to be recorded, (d) were at least 18 years of age, (e) considered themself as primarily a poker or an OP player amongst other gambling activities, (f) primarily played on a computer, and (g) agreed to monitor their sleeping and gambling habits. Participants were excluded if they were working night or rotating shift work with regular night shifts and if they devoted more than half of their playing time to gambling activities other than OP.

      Thirty-five players were interested in participating in the study. Among them, two did not follow up on attempts to contact them, seven did not meet the eligibility criteria and one was excluded because of working nightshift. Of the 25 gamblers who completed the socio-demographic questionnaire, two did not provide data that would allow the research objectives to be met. Descriptive analyses were conducted on the 23 players whose responses were complete. Our participants were primarily men (95.7%), between the ages on 20 and 52 (M = 31.78, SD = 9.78) from Canada (91.3%). Twelve gamblers lost money during the data collection period (M = −284.70 USD; SD = 223.59) [−761.23, −61.10] while seven gamblers gained money (M = 224.18 USD; SD = 324.11) [13.96; 768.30]. Of the 19 players who provided their hand histories, an average of 31.32 (SD = 22.43) [2; 102] OP sessions and 7,456 (SD = 8,352.41) [1.073; 31.991] hands were played during the data collection period. Socio-demographic information, information regarding problem gambling severity and the poker experience level of participants are presented in Tables 1–3.

      TABLE 1

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      Table 1. Means, standard deviations, and demographic characteristics based on inclusion in the main analyses.

      TABLE 2

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      Table 2. Distribution of players based on PGSI, PGSI-OP categories and responses to CPGI-consequences QUESTIONS.

      TABLE 3

      www.frontiersin.org

      Table 3. Frequency of responses to questions in the Poker Experience (PE) questionnaire.

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    • Conditions Specific to Poker Games

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        Betfair is licensed to provide poker through https://poker.betfair.com pursuant to a head licence granted to PT Games Limited by the Malta Gaming Authority in Malta. For further information, please go to www.mga.org.mt.

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        PPB Entertainment Limited is a company registered in Malta and located at Level 2, Spinola Park, Mikiel Ang. Borg Street, St. Julians SPK1000 Malta. If you play the Games on https://poker.betfair.com, references to “Betfair”, “we”, “us” and “our” in these Gaming Conditions of Use are to PPB Entertainment Limited.

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    • Good

      The item was worn several times but still in a good condition. It shows only minor signs of use and has no major flaws.

      16. The Matilda Cast Reunited In 2013

      There was a Matilda cast reunion on the 2nd of July 2013 where the members got together and had a tea party while they ran their famous lines from the film.

      21. There Is A Pee-Wee Herman Connection 

      While the FBI agents are waiting in the car outside of Matilda’s house, there is a song playing in the car. The song was also featured in Pee-Wee’s Big Adventure (1985). Paul Reubens stars in this scene as one of the FBI Agents and he is also Pee-Wee Herman.

      33. Matilda Loses Her Powers In The Book

      In this film version, Matilda manages to keep her powers in the end however in the book she loses them and is moved to a much older class where she is more intellectually challenged. Miss Honey puts it down to Matilda being happier now and focusing on her academic abilities.

      26. Rosie O’Donnell Also Turned Down The Role Of Miss Honey

      Rosie O’Donnell was originally considered to play the role of Miss Honey in Matilda however she turned it down also to film Harriet the Spy (Hughes 1996) with Michelle Trachtenberg. Coincidentally, Michelle Trachtenberg auditioned for the role of Matilda. Helen Hunt and Tori Amos were also considered for the role of Miss Honey.

      KarmaDope

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      Re: pound denomination poker chips

      « Reply #3 on: March 05, 2010, 00:37:56 AM »

      Quote from: duke3016 on March 05, 2010, 00:25:48 AM

      Quote from: chillijam on March 05, 2010, 00:23:45 AM

      Quote from: antthecat on March 04, 2010, 23:44:55 PM

      buy ones ready printed but have a $ sign
      This.Or just buy lots of plain chips and have cards with the denominations printed. Useful if you fancy a change to tourneys or you decide that you need to change your denominations.

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      Betfair Gaming - Conditions of use

      1. 7. Danny DeVito And Rhea Perlman Are Married In Real Life

        DeVito and Perlman met in 1971 when Rhea went to watch a play that he was starring in at the theatre. The pair moved in together two weeks later and married in 1982. They now have three children.

        During the production of Matilda, DeVito and Perlman became very close with Mara Wilson. Wilson has said in interviews that the pair would often let her stay at their home and keep her entertained while her Mother was receiving treatment for Cancer in hospital and her Father was at work.

        BETFAIR LIVE VIDEO IS NOT AVAILABLE TO AUSTRALASIAN CUSTOMERS

      2. Access to Betfair Live Video

          1.1 Betfair Live Video is only available to customers who have opened, and have a funded account with Betfair.

          1.2 The territories to which we are able to stream events vary from sport to sport. The list of scheduled matches will reflect which events you can view from within your particular locale.

          1.3 Betfair Live Video is currently free of charge for all content with the exception of certain horse racing and greyhound events(see below for further details).

      3. Exchange - Horse Racing and Greyhounds

          2.1 UK, Ireland, US, RSA and Indian horse racing races are free to watch as long as you have a funded account.

          2.2 For UAE and Germany horse racing a minimum matched bet of GBP2 (or currency equivalent) must be placed on the relevant ‘day of the race’ market to qualify to watch that particular race

          2.3 Greyhound races other than SIS races, are free to watch as long as you have a funded account.

          2.4 SIS races require a minimum matched bet of GBP2 (or currency equivalent) be placed on the relevant ‘day of the race’ market to qualify to watch that particular race.

          2.5 Customers should be aware that SP bets with an odds limit set do not qualify as matched bets until the very start of race and they will therefore be unable to access the race stream until this time.

          2.6 Antepost and Special bets do not qualify.

      4. Fixed Odds/Sportsbook - Horse Racing and Greyhounds

        3.1 UK, Ireland, US, RSA and India horse racing, races are free to watch as long as you have a funded account.

        3.2 For French, UAE, Germany, Mauritian andLatin American horse racing, a minimum total stake of EUR1.00 or GBP1.00 (or currency equivalent) must be placed in order to watch a single race. This can be in the form of a £/€1.00 single or £/€0.50 each-way bet.

        3.3 The qualifying criteria for multi-leg bets that include races where a minimum bet requirement is in place are detailed in the table below:Bet TypeNumber of LegsTotal Stake required(GBP or currency equivalent)Single11.00Straight Forecast11.00Double22.00Treble33.00Trixie33.00Patent33.00Yankee44.00Lucky 1544.004 fold44.00Canadian55.00Lucky 3155.005 fold55.00Heinz66.00Lucky 6366.006 fold66.00Super Heinz77.007 fold77.00Goliath88.00In multi-leg bets the average stake per race must meet or exceed the minimum qualifying amount of EUR1.00 or GBP1.00 or currency equivalent, in line with the examples below:
        • A GBP2 double would qualify you to watch both races. A GBP1.00 double would only qualify you to watch the first race by scheduled off time.
        • A GBP0.40 Yankee would qualify you to watch all 4 races as the average stake per race is more than GBP1.00 - (GBP4.40 in total).
        • A GBP6 8 fold accumulator would qualify you to watch the first 6 races, but not the 7th or 8th as the average stake per race is below the minimum unit amount of GBP1.00.
        • Straight accumulators no longer qualify for live video after the point one leg is settled as a loser.

        3.4 All greyhound races, other than SIS races, are free to watch as long as you have a funded account.

        3.5 SIS races require a minimum matched bet of GBP1.00 (or currency equivalent) must be placed on the relevant ‘day of the race’ market to qualify to watch that particular race. This can be in the form of a £1.00 single or £0.50 each-way bet.

        3.6 Antepost and Special bets do not qualify.

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      10. V1 13/07/2022

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