2010s TAG Heuer Aquaracer "Pokerstars" WAF2013.BA0818 Ref: WAF2013.BA0818

Never worn

A never-worn item without a tag or original packaging is an item which has never been worn and shows no defects or alterations.

Author Contributions

This study is part of AH doctoral dissertation in psychology at Université Laval. He was co-supervised by IG and CB. AH led all parts of the study and the redaction process. IG had the original idea for the study. IG and CB supervised every step of the process, they revised every document, and provided their respective expertise in gambling and sleep research, they revised every document, and provided their respective expertise in gambling and sleep research. CJ research professional at the Center québécois d'excellence pour la prévention et le traitement du jeu also provided his expertise in gambling and helped a lot to increase the methodology quality. He also revised the article mostly toward the end of the process. AM provided her expertise regarding the online poker aspect of the article and the study. Her insights helped to reach online poker players. She also revised the document. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

Participants

Players were recruited through advertisements on forums, websites, and Facebook pages dedicated to OP. An e-mail invitation to participate in the study was also sent to Université Laval employees' and students' as well as to a list of volunteers from our center. Participants were included if they: (a) played OP at least once a week while sleep deprived (≥16 h between awakening and the end of the gambling session), (b) played OP with money on average twice a week for at least 1 month, (c) primarily played on an OP platform that allows hands to be recorded, (d) were at least 18 years of age, (e) considered themself as primarily a poker or an OP player amongst other gambling activities, (f) primarily played on a computer, and (g) agreed to monitor their sleeping and gambling habits. Participants were excluded if they were working night or rotating shift work with regular night shifts and if they devoted more than half of their playing time to gambling activities other than OP.

Thirty-five players were interested in participating in the study. Among them, two did not follow up on attempts to contact them, seven did not meet the eligibility criteria and one was excluded because of working nightshift. Of the 25 gamblers who completed the socio-demographic questionnaire, two did not provide data that would allow the research objectives to be met. Descriptive analyses were conducted on the 23 players whose responses were complete. Our participants were primarily men (95.7%), between the ages on 20 and 52 (M = 31.78, SD = 9.78) from Canada (91.3%). Twelve gamblers lost money during the data collection period (M = −284.70 USD; SD = 223.59) [−761.23, −61.10] while seven gamblers gained money (M = 224.18 USD; SD = 324.11) [13.96; 768.30]. Of the 19 players who provided their hand histories, an average of 31.32 (SD = 22.43) [2; 102] OP sessions and 7,456 (SD = 8,352.41) [1.073; 31.991] hands were played during the data collection period. Socio-demographic information, information regarding problem gambling severity and the poker experience level of participants are presented in Tables 1–3.

TABLE 1

Table 1. Means, standard deviations, and demographic characteristics based on inclusion in the main analyses.

TABLE 2

Table 2. Distribution of players based on PGSI, PGSI-OP categories and responses to CPGI-consequences QUESTIONS.

TABLE 3

Table 3. Frequency of responses to questions in the Poker Experience (PE) questionnaire.

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cooste

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Re: pound denomination poker chips

« Reply #6 on: March 05, 2010, 16:32:18 PM »

Try these ones no £ or $ signs, just numbered.http://www.thesportshq.com/cq-poker-500-high-roller-numbered-poker-chips.aspx

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Welcome to Betfair.com (the "Website"). We offer a global portfolio of gambling products and services via the Website (together the "Services"). For more information about who "we" are, see clause 1.

These General Terms and Conditions (the "General Terms") and all of the documents and other terms referred to and included in them and which comprise together the "Terms of Use" (defined in clause 2.1) apply to you whenever you use the Services. References to "you" and "your" are to you, as the user of the Services.

PLEASE READ THIS SECTION BEFORE YOU MOVE ON TO THE REMAINDER OF THESE GENERAL TERMS

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IMPORTANT NOTE: Everything contained in the Terms of Use is important and should be read by you, but we would like to draw your attention in particular to the following clauses in these General Terms and the important terms that they contain. These clauses have the potential seriously to affect your interests. You must read these clauses themselves and not rely on the short summaries below.

• By registering for an Account, you are entering into a legally binding agreement: To use the Services, you must register and open an Account with us ("Account" is defined in clause 4.1) and, by registering for an Account, you will be entering into a legally binding agreement with us which incorporates all the terms, conditions, policies and documents forming the Terms of Use (See clause 2).

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• We need to complete verification checks before you can do certain things in connection with your Account, including withdrawing winnings from your Account. If we're unable to complete our checks to our reasonable satisfaction we will suspend or ultimately close your Account and pass on any necessary information to the relevant authorities (See clause 5).

• You may only open one Account with us. If we discover that you have opened more than one Account, we will have certain rights including the right to close your Account(s) and to void winnings (See clause 6).

• Withdrawing your funds: You will usually be able to withdraw your available real money balance at any time, but there are certain circumstances in which we will be entitled to delay or withhold withdrawals (See clause 7.7).

• Maximum payout limits apply to some of our Services: This means that, regardless of the amount you stake and no matter how much you appear to have 'won' on the relevant Service(s), you will only be entitled to receive up to the maximum winnings limit (See clause 8).

• Errors, Malfunctions, and Interruptions: our gambling software is tested carefully but computer software and systems are never perfect. Mistakes of odds and pricing can also be made in betting markets. If any part of the Services suffers a software error, or presents incorrect information to you such as incorrect terms or winnings, we have the right not to pay you out. This includes circumstances where the problem is not obvious to you and is only discovered by us when we check or verify the result of a transaction (See clause 10).

• We will not tolerate fraudulent or illegal activity, 'suspicious betting' (which we define and explain in clause 12), cheating, or any other "Prohibited Activities" (as defined in clause 11). If you do any of these things, we will have certain rights against you, including (depending on the particular circumstances) suspending or closing your Account, cancelling/voiding your bets, and withholding attributable winnings (See clauses 11, 12, and 13).

• In certain circumstances, our liability to you is limited or excluded: When you play with us, it is important that you understand what we are liable for, when limits to our liability will apply (and what those limits are), and what we are not liable for. It is also important that you understand that we will not be liable to you under the Terms of Use, and nor do we owe you a duty of care, in respect of our compliance or non-compliance with any regulatory obligations that we may be under from time to time including those relating to 'safer gambling' or 'social responsibility' (See clauses 16.1 to 16.4).

• Our right of set-off and your obligation to compensate us: Sometimes we can set off the positive balance in your Account against amounts that you owe to us. You may also be required to compensate us if we suffer losses because you have engaged in a Prohibited Activity (See clauses 16.5 and 16.6).

• Terms and conditions relating to Betting: There are special terms and conditions that apply when you enter into Betting transactions in relation to the markets available via the Website (which we call "Markets"), including for each of our "Exchange" and "Sportsbook" products. These terms and conditions include when we may suspend/void certain Markets/Bets; minimum and maximum Bet stakes; and how we settle Bets. It is important that you understand these terms and conditions before you place any Bets (see clause 18).

1.11.1For customers in the United Kingdom, you will be opening an Account with TSE Malta LP, and references in these General Terms to "Betfair", "we", "us" and "our" will be to TSE Malta LP. TSE Malta LP is licensed and regulated in Great Britain by the Gambling Commission of Great Britain.

For customers in the United Kingdom, TSE Malta LP, Betfair Casino Ltd, PPB Counterparty Services Ltd, PPB Entertainment Ltd and PPB Games Ltd are licensed and regulated in Great Britain by the Gambling Commission under account numbers 39561, 39435, 39439, 39426 and 39411.

TSE Malta LP is licensed under licence number 039561-R-319411 to provide Betting Intermediary. Betfair Casino Ltd is licensed under licence number 039435-R-319329 to provide casino. PPB Counterparty Services Ltd is licensed under licence number 039439-R-319330 to provide betting on real and virtual events. PPB Entertainment Ltd is licensed under licence number 039426-R-319332 to provide bingo and casino. PPB Games Ltd is licensed under licence number 039411-R-319335 to provide casino and pool betting.

1.2If you reside in Australia or New Zealand, you will be opening an Account with Betfair Pty Limited and references in these General Terms to "Betfair", "we", "us" and "our" will be to Betfair Pty Limited. Betfair Pty Limited is licensed and regulated by the Northern Territory Racing Commission. Betfair Pty Limited is the holder of a betting exchange licence issued under the Racing and Betting Act 1983 (NT).

1.3If you reside anywhere other than in the UK, Australia or New Zealand, you will be opening an Account with Betfair International Plc, and references in these General Terms to "Betfair", "we", "us" and "our" will be to Betfair International Plc. Betfair International Plc is licensed and regulated by the Malta Gaming Authority, Malta. No: MGA/CRP/131/2006.

1.4When you place a Bet on the Betfair Sportsbook, you are betting directly with PPB Counterparty Services Limited and you will be deemed to have registered with PPB Counterparty Services Limited.

1.5The Exchange is provided by TSE Malta LP for UK registered customers, and by Betfair International Plc for non-UK registered customers.

1.6Please refer to our Regulatory Information page for further details of our operating companies and the licences held by them.

1.7As we made clear in the 'Important Note' at the beginning of these General Terms: notwithstanding our regulated status, we will not be liable to you under the Terms of Use, and nor do we owe you a duty of care, in respect of our compliance or non-compliance with any regulatory obligations that we may be under from time to time including those relating to 'safer gambling' or 'social responsibility'.

2.1Not all of the legal terms and conditions that apply between you and us are set out in these General Terms – some of them are contained in separate documents in order to avoid these General Terms becoming too long and cumbersome. We cross-refer to these other documents and provide you with links to them at the appropriate places. They are nevertheless important terms which form part of the legal contract between you and us, and you should read and understand them just like the rest of these General Terms. These cross-referenced terms which (together with these General Terms) form the "Terms of Use" include those set out in clause 2.2.

2.2By visiting the Website and (if applicable) by registering for an Account and/or by otherwise using or accessing the Services, you agree to and are bound by the following:

2.2.1 these General Terms;2.2.2 Betfair Gaming Conditions of Use;2.2.3 Betfair Community Conditions of Use;2.2.4 Betfair Live Video Conditions of Use;2.2.5 Standard Promotional Terms;2.2.6 Exchange Rules and Regulations;2.2.7 Sportsbook Rules and Regulations; and2.2.8 Betfair Charges.

2.3If there is any conflict or inconsistency between these General Terms and any of the other various terms and conditions comprising the Terms of Use, these General Terms will to that extent take precedence.

3.1We may amend the Terms of Use from time to time for various reasons including (without limitation) commercial reasons, to comply with law or regulation, to comply with instructions, guidance or recommendations from regulatory bodies, or for customer service reasons (e.g., to keep up to date with any changes to the Services).

3.2If we make material changes to the Terms of Use, we will give you as much prior notice of such changes as is reasonably practicable but, in any event, customers will be notified of material changes before they come into effect. Material changes will be communicated to you via pop-up web and/or mobile messages when you log into your Account and/or by email. Your continued use of the Services after changes are made (and, where material, notified to you as described above) will be deemed to be your agreement to the changes. If you do not agree to the changes, then you must not continue to use the Services, but you will always be able to withdraw your funds (subject to any rights we may have under the Terms of Use to withhold funds).

3.3The date on which each relevant document comprising the current Terms of Use came into (or will come into) force will be stated at the bottom of the relevant page(s).

4.1To use the Services, you will need to register and open an account ("Account") with us. In order to register an Account, you promise and confirm to us that:

4.1.1you are at least 18 years of age (underage gambling is a criminal offence in certain jurisdictions – please see clause 5.2 below for more information about what happens if we discover that you are underage);4.1.2you are of sound mind and capable of taking responsibility for your own actions and you can enter into a legally binding agreement with us;4.1.3you will provide accurate registration information, including without limitation your correct date of birth and your country of residence, together with valid identification proving the same, your country of residence, your current address, email address and personal telephone number. You further agree to promptly inform us of any changes in such details;4.1.4you are opening an Account solely for your own personal use, and you are not acting and will never act on behalf of any third party in connection with your Account;4.1.5you are not an undischarged bankrupt or in a voluntary arrangement with your creditors;4.1.6you are not located in a country where the use of the Services is prohibited, including Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Cyprus, Denmark, France (and French territories), Germany, Italy, Macau, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, the United States of America (and US territories), Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, South Sudan, Syria, and any other country with a comparable legal situation (each a "Prohibited Territory"); 4.1.7you will not attempt to sell or otherwise transfer the benefit of your Account to any third party and nor will you acquire or attempt to acquire an Account which has been opened in the name of a third party;4.1.8you will comply with your own local, national, federal, state or other laws concerning betting and gaming prior to opening an Account, placing any bets, or using our Services;4.1.9you are not prohibited for any reason from betting with us or any member of the Betfair group of companies, or from using the Services or any of the services of any member of the Betfair group of companies;4.1.10you are not currently subject to a self-exclusion from a Betfair, Paddy Power, Sky Betting and Gaming (which includes Sky Bet, Sky Vegas, Sky Casino, Sky Poker, Sky Lotto and Sky Bingo), Full Tilt Poker or PokerStars account and you have not signed up to a national self-exclusion register (such as GAMSTOP) which excludes you from gambling;4.1.11you accept that by using the Services, there is a risk that you may lose money; and4.1.12you will, following a request from us (which may be made at any time before or after you open an Account), promptly provide any documentation or information which we request in order to evidence your identity, age, address, country of birth or authorisation to use a particular credit or debit card (and you agree that we may perform checks in order to verify any such documentation or information).

4.2It is your responsibility to keep your Account details up-to-date. Failure to do so may result in you failing to receive important Account related notifications and information from Betfair.

4.3You are solely responsible for the security and confidentiality of your Account. In particular, you agree to keep your username, password and/or telephone account number (TAN) strictly confidential. Other than where due to our negligence, you are responsible for any misuse of your password and/or TAN unless and we will not be liable for any loss that you may incur as a result of misuse of your username, passwords and/or TAN. Please note that when you create an Account you have the option to use your email address or a username to log in to/identify your Account. You should keep in mind that the use of email addresses as usernames can reduce the security levels of your Account as your email address may be more accessible and this makes it easier for third parties to gain access to your Account.

4.4Provided that we have been correctly supplied with the Account information requested, we are entitled to assume that any activity occurring under/using your correct Account credentials is undertaken or authorised by you. You should change your password on a regular basis and never disclose it to any third party. You agree to protect your username and password in the same way that you would in respect of your bank cards and any failure to do so shall be at your sole risk and expense. If another person accesses your Account and save where due to our negligence, you are solely responsible for all their actions – including any losses arising from those actions – whether or not their access was authorised by you.

5.1The following information must be provided during the Account registration process:

• valid mobile number;
• date of birth;
• first and last name;
• full residential address;
• valid email address; and
• a chosen password.

5.2We will verify your age in line with our legal and regulatory requirements in your territory and we may ask for proof of age and/or address from you (and we may suspend or restrict your Account until you provide such evidence). Underage gambling is a criminal offence in certain jurisdictions including (but not limited to) Great Britain, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. If you are located in these or other applicable jurisdictions, you will not be permitted to gamble until we have verified your name, address and date of birth. If we discover (after you have successfully registered and opened an Account) that you are under 18 years of age, your net losses incurred during the period you were underage will be returned to you, any open bets will be voided, and we may make a report to the relevant regulatory or law enforcement authorities.

5.3As noted above, you must enter all mandatory information requested into your registration form, all of which must be true, complete and correct. You authorise us to carry out identification, credit and other verification checks that we may require and/or are required by applicable laws and regulations and/or by the relevant regulatory authorities. You agree to provide all requested information in connection with these verification checks.

5.4We'll try and conduct our verification processes electronically where possible, but if we are unable to do so, or if the check is inconclusive, we may ask you to provide us with personal identity documents. The identification documents that we may request that you provide to us can be found here. For non-UK customers, identity verification is triggered in line with regulatory requirements and may be required at various stages/upon various triggers including (but not necessarily limited to) on Account registration, at certain deposit levels, and/or based on other risk factors.

5.5As a licensed gambling operator and in compliance with our legal and regulatory obligations we are required to conduct a number of checks during the whole time that you have an Account with us. In order to meet our regulatory obligations, we may ask that you provide personal details and/or documentation relating to your financial circumstances. The documents that we may request that you provide to us in such circumstances can be found here.

5.6You agree to provide all such information as we reasonably require, in the form that we require it, from you from time-to-time. If you do not or cannot provide us with the information that we need, we are entitled to restrict your Account in any manner that we reasonably deem appropriate, including preventing you from accessing the Services, placing any bets, stakes or wagers (together "Bets"), or from withdrawing your funds. Your Account may also ultimately be suspended or permanently closed in accordance with clause 13.

5.7You accept that all transactions may be checked to prevent money laundering and that any transactions made by you which we deem to be suspicious may be reported to the appropriate authorities.

5.8When deciding whether to accept your application for an Account, we may supply the information you have given us to authorised third parties to confirm your age, identity and registered payment details. They will check any details we disclose to them against any databases (public or private) to which they have access and will keep a record of that check.

5.9For regulatory reasons, your session may be timed out as a result of a period of inactivity on your Account. You acknowledge that it is your responsibility not to leave your session unattended/inactive.

5.10We will process the personal information which you provide in connection with your registration in accordance with our Privacy Policy.

6.1You may only open one Account with Betfair. If you open more than one Account, each such additional Account will be classified as a "Duplicate Account". If we discover that you hold one or more Duplicate Accounts, we will (in respect of each Duplicate Account):

6.1.1close the Duplicate Account(s) or the original Account (as applicable), leaving you with only one Account (unless we have reason – for example if you have deliberately or fraudulently opened more than one active Account – to close all of your Accounts);6.1.2treat all bonuses and free bets, and all winnings accrued from such bonuses and free bets, obtained using the Duplicate Account as void; and6.1.3void all future Bets made on the Duplicate Account.

8.1 As we made clear in the 'Important Note' at the beginning of these General Terms, maximum winnings limits apply to some of our Services and these limits apply regardless of stake. The maximum winnings for each Account shall be as follows:

8.1.1 with respect to any sports betting transactions placed through the Services: the maximum payout to any one customer in any twenty four hour period regardless of size of stake or number of bets are as set out in the Sportsbook Rules and Regulations. Currency equivalent maximum payouts will apply for any currency not listed in the Sportsbook Rules and Regulations.8.1.2 with respect to any gaming Services: the maximum winnings for any one wager or gameplay transaction shall be as set out in the applicable Betfair Gaming Conditions of Use and/or in the game rules for the applicable game.

8.2 We will try to ensure that Bets which could result in potential winnings which will exceed the maximum payout limit for a particular event/market will not be accepted. However, due to technical and other limitations, it is not always possible to prevent such Bets from being accepted. As maximum payout limits vary depending on the particular Service type, we strongly encourage all customers to check the limits set out in applicable Service rules before placing their Bets, particularly if the potential winnings (i.e., absent the maximum winnings limit) would be in excess of £/€1,000. As we made clear in the 'Important Note' at the beginning of these General Terms, you will only be entitled to receive up to the maximum winnings limit regardless of the amount of your stake and no matter how much you appear to have 'won'.

10.1 Betfair makes every effort to ensure that no errors are made in prices offered or bets accepted. However, human and/or systems error may occasionally result in errors.

10.2In this clause 10 we set out a description of the things that can go wrong and the rights that we have in such events. You should be aware however that this clause does not override or cancel out any rights that you may have under consumer laws and regulations and we do not intend that they should.

10.3Below are some key definitions to help you understand this clause:A "Malfunction" refers to where an automated process fails to operate as designed or intended, for example where a piece of computer software produces a deviation from its intended performance specifications or parameters, or where two pieces of software fail to interface or communicate with each other in the manner intended or designed, in either case so as to produce a result which is not the result that was intended or designed. These malfunctions may or may not be apparent to us or to You and they may only come to light as and when settlement instructions, game outcomes, winnings or cashouts are investigated and analysed retrospectively.An "Error" refers to a mistake or error that is not exclusively technical, for example the mistaken posting of incorrect odds, the offer of incorrect prices or terms for participation in a promotion or gambling opportunity. Errors can arise from human mistakes, administrative, operational or systems failures and combinations of all of these. For example, a bet might be offered mistakenly at a price that is substantially out of the market, or "each way" is offered in a market when the pricing of the market clearly indicates that it should have been "win only", or a promotion designed to offer a £5 return might mistakenly advertise a £50 return or the pay-tables advertised for a product may mistakenly fail to reflect the true payment configuration of the product.An "Interruption" refers to an interruption in a gambling transaction for any reason, for example an interruption caused by the failure of the internet or connectivity, or severe latency in communications, or technical failure due to some disaster or unforeseen event.

10.4 Where any of the above occur, we will deal with them as described below and it is important that you understand and agree to the following before you use the Services, as we made clear in the 'Important Note' at the top of these General Terms.

Malfunctions

10.5 If as a result of a Malfunction, your Account is credited with winnings that you would not have received were it not for that Malfunction, we will have the right to void the relevant transaction and withhold the relevant winnings. This applies even if the relevant gambling product could have produced the same or similar amount of winnings without the intervention of the Malfunction and it applies whether the Malfunction was apparent to you or to us or not. If we have paid out on any such Bets or gaming activities and/or if you have withdrawn any such winnings, such amounts shall be deemed to be held by you on trust for us and shall be immediately repaid to us when a demand for payment is made by us to you.

10.6Where any Malfunction is or becomes apparent or obvious to you or you suspect that a Malfunction may be occurring, you agree that you will cease your use of the relevant Service(s) immediately, and will report it to us immediately.

Errors

10.7In the event of an Error, the same applies as for Malfunctions, as set out above. For sports betting markets only, in the case of any errors in prices transmitted (including so-called 'palpable', 'obvious', or 'blatant' errors, for example where the price being displayed is materially/significantly different from those available in the general market and/or the price is clearly incorrect, depending on all of the circumstances), Betfair may settle Bets at the correct price at the time of acceptance (or the Starting Price in the case of horse-racing, whichever is the greater).

10.8Where any Error is or becomes apparent or obvious to you or you suspect that an Error may be occurring, you agree that you will cease your use of the relevant Service(s) immediately, and will report it to us immediately.

Interruptions

10.9Our priority is to ensure that we deal with Interruptions in a way that is fair and does not systematically disadvantage our customers.

10.10In relation to betting: we are entitled to suspend betting markets, void bets and return stakes to customers.

10.11In relation to gaming:

• where an Interruption occurs after we receive notification of your gamble and where you can have no further influence on the outcome of the event or gamble, the results of the gamble will stand;
• where an Interruption to a single-participant single stage event occurs before an outcome has been generated we will return your stake to your Account;
• for games where there are multiple stages or decision points we will take all reasonable steps to restore the game to its last known state prior to the Interruption to enable you to complete the game;
• for games with multiple participants (equal chance or otherwise) we will deal with these as seems fairest to us (acting reasonably) on a case-by-case basis; and
• for games that are progressive jackpots, progressive jackpot values will be restored to their pre-failure state to the extent it is within our control and not the games provider.

11.1You may only use the Services, including your Account, for lawful gambling in accordance with these General Terms. You may not engage in any activity which we define below as a "Prohibited Activity" and you acknowledge and understand that the consequences of you doing so, as we made clear in the 'Important Note' at the beginning of these General Terms, will (depending on the particular circumstances) include the voiding of any relevant transactions, the withholding of any winnings, and the suspension and/or closure of your Account.

11.2The following activities are prohibited (each a "Prohibited Activity"):

11.2.1if the name registered on your Account does not match the name on the financial/bank account and/or the debit (or where permitted, credit) card(s) used to make deposits on that Account;11.2.2if you appear, in our reasonable judgement, to be depositing or withdrawing money or otherwise using the Services without genuine play;11.2.3if you are located in, or are seeking to access your Account from, any Prohibited Territory (including if you are using a VPN to disguise your location) or if you have sought to disguise or interfere with the IP address of the computer you are using to access the Services or otherwise take steps to prevent us from correctly identifying the IP address of the device you are using to access the Services;11.2.4if we have received a "charge-back" and/or a "return" notification via a deposit mechanism used on your Account;11.2.5if you use the Services other than for your own personal and recreational use, including if you are acting on behalf of any third party in connection with your Account;11.2.6if you deposit money into your Account which originates from any illegal activity or any illegal/unauthorised source;11.2.7if you provide incorrect or misleading information while registering for an Account (except where you provide any incorrect or misleading information in order to pass relevant age-verification checks, which situation will be dealt with as described in clause 5.2)11.2.8if you allow (whether intentionally or unintentionally) someone else to use your Account;11.2.9if you have deliberately or fraudulently opened or are using one or more Duplicate Account(s);11.2.10if you make or attempt to make a Bet when your Account contains insufficient cleared funds;11.2.11if you engage or if we suspect (acting reasonably) that you have engaged in any form of fraudulent or illegal activity, cheating, collusion (including in relation to charge-backs), money laundering, exploitation of Errors, Malfunctions or Interruption, utilisation of software to gain an unfair advantage, suspicious betting (as defined and further explained in clause 12) or any other unlawful or improper activity;11.2.12if we discover that you are accessing the Services in contravention of the laws of the country where you are located; 11.2.13if we suspect (acting reasonably) that your Account's usage represents 'business usage' ('business usage' includes any use by a betting operator or any use by an individual or organisation supplying data or services to a betting operator);11.2.14if you are prohibited from entering into a Bet by any term of your contract of employment or any rule of a sport governing body or other professional body which applies to you; 11.2.15if you place a Bet on any sporting match or event in which you take part, or you otherwise break any of the rules or conditions relating to the placing of Bets;11.2.16if you place a Bet on or manipulate any individual Market (defined in clause 18.1) in a manner which we believe (acting reasonably) has the purpose or effect of adversely affecting the integrity of the Exchange (defined in clause 18.2) or any Market;11.2.17if you transmit or provide any information or otherwise engage in any activity (such as, for example, so-called "courtsiding") that assists a third party in the placing of Bets on any sporting event or contest whilst you are located in any territory where it is illegal to do place such Bets;11.2.18if you procure or arrange for a third party to transmit or provide information or otherwise engage in any activity (such as, for example, so-called "courtsiding") that assists in the placing of Bets on any sporting event or contest whilst such third party is located in any territory where it is illegal to place such Bets;11.2.19if you intentionally match Exchange bets against your own account (or related account) with the intention of adversely affecting or manipulating a Market for your (or a related account's) benefit;11.2.20if you attempt to use the Exchange to deliberately transfer money from one Account to another by attempting to match bets on a Market with another Account through collusion;11.2.21if you become bankrupt, if you do not make payment of a court judgment on time, if you make an arrangement with your creditors, or if any of your assets are the subject of any form of seizure, or if analogous proceedings are brought in relation to you anywhere in the world; 11.2.22if you breach the terms of any promotion, for instance if you have opened more than one Account to take advantage of a promotion which was limited to one per customer;11.2.23if you engage in any abusive, offensive or otherwise inappropriate behaviour towards other users of our Services (e.g., during gameplay, via our chat functions, etc.) or towards our staff;11.2.24if you breach the Terms of Use in some other material or serious way; or11.2.25if we become aware that you have played at any other online gambling site (including any site operated by a member of Betfair's group of companies) and, in connection with the same, you are suspected of or have engaged in any of the activities described in this clause 11.2.

12.1For the purpose of this clause 12, "suspicious betting" refers to where we have reasonable grounds to believe that a Bet or a number of Bet have been placed in suspicious circumstances. Suspicious betting shall include, but not be limited to:

12.1.1where there is an inordinate frequency and/or highly unusual pattern of Bets (by comparison with betting norms) placed on the same selection(s) in a short space of time;12.1.2where there is an inordinate frequency and/or highly unusual pattern of Bets placed on the same selection(s) and where the theoretical probability of said selection(s) winning at the time of Bet(s) placement, based on the odds offered on the selection(s) at the time of Bet placement, is largely inconsistent with the theoretical probability of the same selection(s) winning calculated using their accumulated starting prices. By way of illustrative example only, if there was an inordinately large number of Bets placed on a multiple or permutation with combined odds of 250/1 (with a theoretical 0.004% probability of winning based on the odds) and that same multiple or permutation had combined odds of 12/1 based on the Starting Prices of the selections (a theoretical 7.7% probability of winning), this may trigger the suspicions contemplated by this clause 12.1.2;12.1.3where the integrity of an event (or events) has been called into question, including, for example, but not limited to where one (or more) of the participants in an event displays exceptional form which we reasonably believe was known to you or someone connected to you at the time of Bet placement but was concealed from the public generally in order to gain an unfair advantage in any Bets placed on that event (or those events);12.1.4where we have reasonable grounds to suspect that a Bet or a string of connected Bets were placed robotically, by automated means, or otherwise than through the Account holder placing each Bet manually via their Account;12.1.5where we reasonably believe that you have used unfair external factors or influences connected with the event(s) the subject of any Bet(s);12.1.6where we reasonably suspect that you have opened one or more Duplicate Accounts or where we reasonably suspect that second or subsequent accounts are under common control with your Account with a view to concealing the true worth, nature or pattern of Bets placed by you or on your behalf, even if second or subsequent accounts are opened under different names;12.1.7where we otherwise believe, acting reasonably, that you are acting in concert with others or that you are acting other than on your own behalf; or12.1.8where we reasonably believe that Bets have been placed from a location or device other than the location or device which you claim to have used to place a Bet; or 12.1.9where we identify a pattern of Bets that have been placed in quick succession by different or the same Account holder(s) that have a combined liability which exceeds what we would expect to accrue on similar Bets during a particular time period based on long term established betting trends. For example, we would regard a series of Bets placed on the same or similar selections in quick succession after 9:30pm and before 8:00am by different Account with a combined liability that exceeds £100,000 as suspicious as this is conflicts with our long term established betting trends.

12.2If we discover or have reason to believe that you have participated in any of the activities described in clause 12.1 (which, as stated in clause 11.2, constitute "Prohibited Activities"), we shall have the rights set out in clause 13.

12.3Where a Bet is deemed to be, or is declared, void by us prior to an event, any sum deducted from your Account with respect to that Bet shall be credited to your Account.

13.1If we have reasonable grounds to suspect that you have engaged in any Prohibited Activity, we will suspend your Account without notification, and your Account will remain suspended while the matter is investigated. You agree to cooperate fully with any such investigation. Your funds cannot be accessed or withdrawn during periods of suspension, and any balance will remain in the Account. We may also make a report to the relevant regulatory or law enforcement authorities.

13.2If our investigation results in our decision (acting reasonably) that the issue has been resolved to our satisfaction, we will lift the Account suspension. If our investigation results in our decision (acting reasonably) that you have engaged in any Prohibited Activity, we will restrict or permanently close your Account. In these circumstances, your details may be passed on to any applicable regulatory or law enforcement authorities or any other relevant external third parties.

13.3We may also from time to time be required by a competent authority to restrict, suspend or close Accounts for legal or regulatory reasons. Such restrictions, if applicable, may affect your use of your Account.

13.4We are also entitled to close your Account at any time for any reason (and without the obligation to provide a reason) by giving you no less than 14 days' written notice.

13.5Any balance in your Account at the time of any closure by us will be paid back to you, except that:

13.5.1if you have engaged in illegal activity, we are under no obligation to refund to you any money that may be in your Account; and13.5.2if we discover or determine (acting reasonably) that you have participated in any Prohibited Activities then we will void any affected transactions/Bets/string of connected Bets, withhold all or part of your Account balance which is attributable to those Prohibited Activities, and recover from your Account deposits, pay-outs, bonuses and/or any winnings (if/as applicable) which are attributable to those Prohibited Activities. If you have withdrawn any sums which are attributable to Prohibited Activities, such sums shall be deemed to be held by you on trust for us and must be immediately repaid to us when a demand for payment is made by us to you.

14.1Save as set out in the clause below, information about inactive Accounts, including applicable administrative fees and the procedure by which you will be informed that such a fee will be charged, can be found in paragraph 7 of the Betfair Charges page under "Inactive Account Fees".

14.2For all customers other than customers of Betfair Pty Limited ("Australasian Customers") and UK registered customers, if you do not use your Account for a continuous period of 30 months, any funds remaining in your Account may be forfeited to the Malta Gaming Authority pursuant to Maltese gaming regulations. For further information about the MGA please go to www.mga.org.mt.

16.1 Nothing in the Terms of Use is intended to, or will, exclude or limit our liability for:

16.1.1death or personal injury resulting from our negligence; 16.1.2fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation;16.1.3breach of your statutory rights as a consumer, or16.1.4any other liability which we may not limit or exclude under applicable law.

16.2As we made clear in the 'Important Note' at the top of these General Terms, we will not be liable to you under the Terms of Use, and nor do we owe you a duty of care, in respect of our compliance or non-compliance with any regulatory obligations that we may be under from time to time, including those relating to 'safer gambling' or 'social responsibility'.

16.3Subject to clause 16.1, we will not be liable under the Terms of Use for: (a) any loss that could not have been reasonably expected by you and us at the time you register for an Account, or at the time you enter into a transaction for Services (such as any loss of income, business or profits or any information which is lost or corrupted); or (b), separately, for any other damage or loss which is deemed or alleged to have arisen out of or in connection with your use of the Services. In particular, we will not be liable for any damage or loss suffered or incurred by you as a result of:

16.3.1the accuracy, completeness or currency (or lack thereof) of any information services provided by us or third parties (including but not limited to prices, runners, times, results, live scores or general statistics and/or any "Information" as defined in clause 20.1 below) or any other Error, Malfunction or Interruption;16.3.2our closure or suspension of your Account in accordance with the Terms of Use; or16.3.3any use by you of the Services in breach of the Terms of Use (including any Prohibited Activity on your part).

16.4Subject to clause 16.1 and save in respect of any winnings due to you in accordance with the Terms of Use (noting in particular our right to cancel/void winnings in the event of Errors, Malfunctions or Interruptions (see clause 10), the maximum winnings limits described in clause 8), and our right to withhold funds in certain circumstances including under clause 7.7), our maximum liability to you under the Terms of Use in relation to any one incident or series of related incidents is limited to the greater of:

16.4.1where such liability relates to a specific Bet, the amount of the applicable stake made by you in respect of such Bet; or16.4.2£10,000.

16.5Our right of set-off: We may at any time set off any amount on deposit in your Account against any amounts owed by you to Betfair.

16.6Your responsibility to compensate us: You agree to compensate us for any costs, charges or losses sustained or incurred by us arising from any Prohibited Activities on your part.

You may close your Account at any time. More information about how you can close your Account can be found on our help pages here.

Introduction / general

18.1Registered Account holders can enter into various betting transactions in relation to the markets available via the Website ("Markets").

18.2Where customers bet with each other on Betfair's Exchange markets (the "Exchange"), Betfair acts as a facilitator and does not act as a counterparty. However, Betfair may act as a counterparty on the Exchange but only in the following limited situations:

18.2.1 for wagers between Australasian Customers: Betfair also offers Tote bets, as well as singles (which we call "Fixed Odds") and "Multiples" bets at odds fixed by us;18.2.2 for Betfair's Starting Price ('SP' or 'Betfair SP') on the Exchange: The Betfair SP is calculated by Betfair, by balancing all SP bets and other Exchange bets when the market is suspended at the 'off' of the relevant event. Betfair group may act as risk counterparty to SP bets if necessary to ensure a fair SP. The Betfair personnel involved in determining the SP in such circumstances will have no undeclared personal or other interest in the SP in question. When you place a bet at SP you are betting against other Betfair customers. However, during the reconciliation of the Betfair SP, Betfair acts as counterparty in order to balance liabilities between Betfair SP bets and other Exchange bets; and18.2.3occasionally (and such bets represent a tiny fraction of the overall volume of betting activity on the Exchange), in one of the two following circumstances:
a.on less liquid markets to improve "liquidity" and stimulate market activity ("liquidity" is the amount of money available for you to bet on each selection). We may do this on ancillary markets (particularly when the market is first made available) or on markets on less popular events. The rationale for providing this liquidity is to enhance the betting proposition for our customers; andb.in order to reduce the Betfair group's liability against a particular outcome. We may do this on a high-profile event where our sportsbook has a very large exposure to that outcome.

18.3You can enter into betting transactions either on our Website/apps, by telephone, or by the Application Programs Interface (i.e., third party 'API' platforms which take bets on the Exchange). Please note that not all Betfair betting products are available through each of the foregoing betting channels. In this clause 18 when we refer to the "Betting Services" we mean all the services listed in this clause 18.3 (where applicable).

18.4In this clause 18, references to "Betfair", "we", "us" and/or "our" are to whichever Betfair group company is providing the Betting Services to you as set out in the Specific Conditions applicable to your betting transaction (see clause 2.2 above where these Specific Conditions are listed and linked-to).

18.5As listed and linked-to in clause 2.2 above, there are separate rules, terms and conditions for each of our Exchange and Sportsbook products (i.e., the Exchange Rules and Regulations and the Sportsbook Rules and Regulations). The rules governing how Markets are offered, managed and/or settled are not the same for every Market on each product. In certain circumstances, a Bet that is settled as a winner on one product may be settled as a loser on the other product (and vice versa). Additionally, different settlement rules may apply so that, for example, Bets that are winners on one product may be settled as a dead heat or be voided on the other product. Customers must ensure that they familiarise themselves with the relevant rules that apply to the Bets that they place on Betfair's products.

18.6As noted in clause 2.3 above, if there is any inconsistency between the documents listed above and these General Terms, these General Terms will to that extent take precedence.

18.7We are entitled to determine when the Markets are open for betting and to close the Markets at any time in our discretion. Though we will at all times use reasonable endeavours to settle Markets as quickly as reasonably possible, we cannot give any assurances as to the timeframe in which Markets will be settled.

18.8You are responsible for the information that you provide to us concerning the offer that you wish to place. We will not be liable for incorrect entries made by you, including data input errors with respect to the odds, price or stake on offer, or incorrect Bet requests communicated by you to a Betfair telephone operator. If a Betfair telephone operator repeats back your Bet request incorrectly, it is your responsibility to correct the Bet request and inform the Betfair telephone operator of the error. Once you have confirmed the Bet request to the Betfair telephone operator (whether or not that was the original Bet that you requested) and your Bet is matched, you will be liable for that Bet if it loses.

Suspension/voiding of Markets/Bets

18.9Betfair is entitled to suspend betting on a Market at any time (even if such suspension is earlier than anticipated by the Exchange Rules and Regulations and/or Sportsbook Rules and Regulations). In the interests of maintaining integrity and fairness in the Markets, Betfair may also void certain Bets in a market or void a whole Market in its entirety – see the Exchange Rules and Regulations and the Sportsbook Rules and Regulations for more information.

Bots

18.10Some customers make use of programs designed to automatically place bets within certain parameters set by them (e.g., to back or lay at a certain price) ("bots"). These bots may be active in any or all Markets at any time and you should not assume that you can place bets on quiet Markets that will not be automatically matched simply because the Market otherwise appears quiet. Additionally, bot users should be aware that bots might be prone to exploitation by other customers. Users of these programs do so entirely at their own risk.

Cancelling an offer for a Bet

18.11You may request to cancel unmatched Bets at any time either by (a) requesting a cancellation of the relevant offer in the relevant section of the relevant Market on the Website; or (b) instructing a Betfair telephone operator to request a cancellation of the relevant offer. Your cancellation of an unmatched bet becomes effective once we send you confirmation of the cancellation. In the event that your cancellation request is not received and processed in good time, you acknowledge that your offer may remain outstanding and available for acceptance. You may not be able to cancel if your Bet has been partially or wholly accepted during the interval between your submitting your cancellation request and our confirming your cancellation. In this case, your original offer, or part thereof, will be validly accepted and the Bet will be concluded.

18.12When you amend an unmatched Bet you are effectively cancelling that Bet and submitting a new Bet at the amended stake or odds.

18.13We will cancel any offers for Bets that remain outstanding at the time that we close a Market.

Minimum and maximum Bet stakes

18.14Depending on the product or type of Market you are betting on and depending on the currency that you are betting in, there are minimum Bet sizes that apply. These minimum Bet sizes are subject to change and may differ depending on how you are placing your Bet (e.g., whether via the Website or using the Telephone Betting Service). You are not permitted to place (or try to place) Bets that are below the minimum bet size threshold.

18.15Your maximum betting limit is represented by the lesser of: (i) your 'Available to Bet' balance shown in your Account and (ii) your "Exposure Limit" (which is available in the "Account Summary" tab in "My Account"). However, in the event that we process an offer for a Bet or the acceptance of a Bet in an amount outside the applicable thresholds, such Bet will nevertheless stand except where the Terms of Use permit us to void Bets and/or withhold funds.

Bet Settlement

18.16Subject to this clause 18 and anything contained in any Specific Conditions, and save where the Terms of Use entitle us to void or withhold winnings, we will settle Markets in accordance with our Exchange Rules and Regulations and Sportsbook Rules and Regulations (as applicable). We are entitled to reverse or amend settlement in the event of a Market being settled incorrectly. This may lead to amendments being made to your Account to reflect changes in Market settlement and if there are insufficient funds in your Account we may require that you put funds into your Account to address the outstanding balance. We will notify you if your Account goes into a negative balance (i.e., that you owe Betfair money) and, if following the notification, you either:

18.16.1do not put funds in your Account within the reasonable time specified in our notice to you;18.16.2you fail to make the relevant payments into your Account in accordance with any repayment plan as agreed between you and Betfair; or18.16.3you indicate to Betfair that you have no intention of putting funds in your Account to address the outstanding balance,then as we made clear in the 'Important Note' at the top of these General Terms, we can set off the positive balance in your Account against amounts that you owe to us. We will also be entitled to take appropriate legal action to seek to recover the debt.

18.17Any amount of winnings or losses relating to your Bets on a Market will be rounded to the nearest two decimal places. If the amount ends in 0.5 it will be rounded up.

18.18You may not place Bets or try to place Bets which deliberately take advantage of Betfair rounding off to the nearest penny or cent. Any Bets which seek to do so will be automatically cancelled.

Commission and payment structure

18.19We charge a commission calculated by reference to your net winnings on a Market. Your stakes for Bets placed on the Exchange are therefore not relevant for the calculation of the commission you pay. In particular, these stakes do not represent remuneration for the Betting Services in connection with the Exchange. In certain specified circumstances, you may also incur certain other charges. Please refer to Betfair Charges in the About Us section which sets out in detail how all commission and charges are calculated. We may to amend our policy as set out in Betfair Charges from time to time – see clause 3 above for how we handle amendments to the Terms of Use (including the Betfair Charges).

Betfair Community

18.20From time to time Betfair (via its group company TSE Global Limited) may provide you with access to an online chat forum (the "Betfair Community", sometimes referred to as Betfair Forum). If you use the Betfair Community you agree to be bound by the Betfair Community Terms and Conditions.

18.21We shall not be liable to you for any defamatory postings made by you via the Betfair Community, or made by others in relation to you via the Betfair Community.

18.22By using the Betfair Community you grant Betfair an irrevocable and perpetual licence to use and/or to reproduce all forum postings posted by you for any purpose and in any jurisdiction. Where we intend to use a forum post for marketing promotional activity, we will seek your consent.

19.1Betfair is the owner or authorised user or licensee of all the intellectual property rights in the Services and their content including, without limitation, any copyright, patent, designs (registered or unregistered), trade marks, service marks, source codes, specifications, templates, graphics, logos or any right in respect of content, databases, formats, interfaces, programming, the offering of services to other customers, software or any application for any of the foregoing and any modification, improvements, developments and enhancements thereof. Except as expressly provided in the Terms of Use, Betfair does not grant any express or implied right to you in or to any of its intellectual property rights or secret information.

19.2All content and material on the Website or otherwise accessible via the Services is provided for your own personal (i.e., not for business) usage only. The distribution, reproduction or commercial exploitation of such content and material in any manner whatsoever without our express written consent is prohibited.

19.3For the avoidance of any doubt, you may use the data available from the Website and the other Services (including for example odds, both live and historical) only as strictly required for your permitted personal, non-exclusive, non-sublicensable, non-commercial purpose of using the Services. Any other use and/or reproduction of the data without prior written consent of Betfair is prohibited and will constitute a breach of the Terms of Use. Betfair reserves its right to take such action as it considers necessary, including issuing legal proceedings without further notice to you, in relation to any unauthorised use of its data or of the Website or Services.

19.4You may not copy the Website or the Services or any part or element (including any software) of the Website or the Services. You may not attempt to hack, make unauthorised alterations of, or introduce by any means any kind of malicious code to the Website or the Services or any software relating to the Website or the Services. You may not (a) reverse engineer or decompile (whether in whole or in part) any software underpinning or available through the Website or the Services; or (b) make copies, modify, reproduce, transmit, alter or distribute all or any part of the Website or the Services or any material or information or software contained on or via the Website or the Services.

19.5You agree that you will not use the Website or the Services (including any software therein) for any unlawful purposes or for the purposes of sending or transmitting any data or other material: (a) in a manner that infringes our rights or the rights of any third party (including but not limited to intellectual property rights); (b) that has harmful or destructive or damaging properties; (c) that may constitute any form of collusion; or (d) which is likely to cause harm or damage to our computer systems, networks or equipment, or those of any third party.

20.1From time to time Betfair may provide you with access to various information and content. This may include form data, results, video streaming, upcoming events, the times and dates of events, current scores, time elapsed, and other information relating to a sporting event. Such information may be supplied via the Website (including micro-sites and as part of any runner data and/or results service), the Telephone Betting Service, emails or any other means of communication; and/or via links to third party websites. Such information is described in clause 18 collectively as the "Information".

20.2The Information is provided by Betfair or is sourced from a third party. Although some Information may be described as "live", or it may be implied that such Information is "live", you should be aware that this data may be subject to a time delay. The Information may also be inaccurate. You should also be aware that other Betfair customers may have access to pictures and/or data that is faster and/or more accurate than the Information.

20.3Any links to third party websites do not constitute an endorsement by Betfair of any products or services available on or via such websites. You use such websites at your own risk and Betfair takes no responsibility for the content on, or use of, such websites.

You may not assign, sub-licence or otherwise any of your rights or obligations under the Terms of Use without our prior written consent. We may assign, transfer or novate any or all of our rights and obligations under the Terms of Use to any third party at any time. Without limiting the preceding sentence, we may wish to transfer our rights or obligations under Terms of Use to another company within our corporate group or any other legal entity, including if we restructure or there is a sale of our business. You agree that we may do so provided that in the case of such a transfer, after we notify you of the date on which such transfer takes place, your rights under Terms of Use will be against the new legal entity.

In the event that any provision of the Terms of Use is deemed by any competent authority to be unenforceable or invalid, the relevant provision shall be modified to allow it to be enforced in line with the intention of the original text to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. The validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of the Terms of Use shall not be affected. Any provision of the Terms of Use that is invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction will be ineffective in that particular jurisdiction, without affecting the validity, legality or enforceability of that provision in other jurisdictions.

In the event of a dispute arising between us and you, we each agree to follow the procedure set out in our Dispute Resolution policy as amended from time to time.

Communications and notices to be given by you to us under the Terms of Use should be provided to us as set out in the Contact Us section of the Website.

25.1If you reside in the UK:

25.1.1the Terms of Use will be governed by the laws of England; and25.1.2the courts of England have non-exclusive jurisdiction in relation to all disputes under the Terms of Use, provided that such choice of law and jurisdiction will not deprive you of any mandatory consumer protections of your home country (if different).

25.2If you reside in Australia or New Zealand:

25.2.1the Terms of Use will be governed by the laws of the Northern Territory; and25.2.2you agree to submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of Australia in relation to all disputes under the Terms of Use, provided that such choice of law and jurisdiction will not deprive you of any mandatory consumer protections of your home country (if different).

25.3If you reside anywhere other than the UK, Australia or New Zealand:

25.3.1the Terms of Use will be governed by the laws of Malta; and25.3.2you agree to submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of Malta in relation to all disputes under the Terms of Use, provided that such choice of law and jurisdiction will not deprive you of any mandatory consumer protections of your home country (if different).

The Terms of Use have been prepared in various languages other than English for translation purposes. In the event of any differences between the English version and (if applicable) the translated version in the local language of your country of residence, the version most beneficial to the customer shall prevail.